Which of the following correctly identifies an adverse effect of cisplatin?

Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent widely used in the treatment of various cancers such as testicular, bladder, and lung cancer. One of the well-documented adverse effects of cisplatin is nephrotoxicity, which refers to its potential to cause damage to the kidneys. This toxicity occurs because the kidneys are involved in filtering out the drug from the bloodstream, leading to increased exposure of renal tissues to cisplatin.

Renal impairment can manifest as electrolyte imbalances, changes in serum creatinine levels, and in severe instances, may lead to acute kidney injury. Clinicians monitor renal function closely in patients receiving cisplatin, and hydration protocols are often employed to reduce the risk of nephrotoxic effects.

While the other options presented include various neurological and pulmonary complications, they are not commonly associated with cisplatin. For example, seizures and encephalopathy are more often linked to other chemotherapeutic agents or underlying malignancies rather than cisplatin itself. Pulmonary fibrosis is primarily related to agents such as bleomycin. Thus, among the choices given, nephrotoxicity stands out as a significant and recognized adverse effect of cisplatin treatment.