Which of the following adverse effects is associated with busulfan?

Busulfan is known for its association with seizures, particularly when used in higher doses or as part of a conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The mechanism behind this adverse effect is thought to involve neurotoxicity that can be potentiated by the pharmacokinetics of the drug, including its penetration into the central nervous system.

In clinical practice, measures such as the use of anticonvulsants (like phenytoin) are often implemented to prevent seizures in patients receiving busulfan as part of their treatment regimen. This highlights the importance of monitoring and proactive management of side effects during chemotherapy, as some adverse effects can significantly impact patient safety and treatment outcomes.

While oxidative stress, cerebral edema, and nephrotoxicity are relevant to various treatments or conditions, they are not prominently recognized adverse effects of busulfan, making seizures the key adverse effect of concern in this context. Understanding this can guide healthcare providers in anticipating side effects and implementing preventive strategies for patients.