Which drug inhibits the formation of new blood vessels by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)?

The correct choice is the drug that specifically targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which plays a crucial role in the process of angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels. Bevacizumab, commonly known as Avastin, is a monoclonal antibody that binds to VEGF and inhibits its interaction with its receptors on the surface of endothelial cells. This inhibition effectively prevents the signaling pathways that promote the growth of new blood vessels, thereby starvating tumors of the necessary nutrients and oxygen required for their growth.

Targeting VEGF is a strategic approach in cancer therapy, as many tumors rely on the formation of new blood vessels to sustain their growth. By blocking this pathway, bevacizumab can help to limit tumor progression and improve outcomes when used in conjunction with other treatments.

In contrast, the other drugs mentioned in the choices serve different therapeutic purposes. Cetuximab is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor used primarily in the treatment of certain head and neck cancers and colorectal cancer. Rituximab targets the CD20 antigen on B-lymphocytes and is used to treat conditions like non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Pembrolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that