What is the function of tumor suppressor genes?

Tumor suppressor genes play a crucial role in regulating cell growth and maintaining genomic stability. Their primary function is to initiate apoptosis, which is the programmed cell death that helps eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells. Additionally, they can inhibit the cell cycle, thereby controlling the proliferation of cells. This regulation prevents cells from dividing uncontrollably, which is a hallmark of cancer.

In normal circumstances, tumor suppressor genes work to keep cell division in check and ensure that cells do not proliferate abnormally. When these genes become mutated or dysfunctional, their ability to perform these critical regulatory functions is compromised, often leading to the development of tumors.

The other options do not accurately reflect the role of tumor suppressor genes. By promoting uncontrolled cell growth, replicating DNA, or enhancing oncogene activity, those functions align more with oncogenes or processes that contribute to cancer progression rather than suppression.