What are the primary adverse events associated with anthracyclines such as doxorubicin?

The primary adverse events associated with anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, include cardiomyopathy and severe tissue damage. Anthracyclines are known for their effectiveness in treating various types of cancer, but they also come with significant toxicity concerns.

Cardiomyopathy refers to the damage that can occur to the heart muscle, which may lead to heart failure over time. This adverse effect is particularly important because it can be dose-dependent, meaning the risk increases with higher cumulative doses of the drug. Clinicians must monitor cardiac function in patients receiving anthracyclines to manage and mitigate this risk effectively.

Severe tissue damage can occur due to extravasation, where the drug leaks out of the vein and damages surrounding tissues. This can lead to complications, including pain, ulceration, and potentially permanent damage to the affected area. The administration of doxorubicin requires careful handling to prevent these serious complications.

In contrast, while nausea and vomiting, rash and fever, and headache and dizziness are potential side effects of various cancer treatments, they are not the primary adverse effects specifically associated with anthracyclines. The distinctive risk of cardiomyopathy and severe tissue damage underscores the importance of understanding the specific adverse events