How are tumor markers used in oncology?

Tumor markers play a critical role in oncology as they are biochemical substances that can indicate the presence of cancer in the body. These markers are typically proteins produced by cancerous cells or by normal cells in response to cancer. Measuring the levels of these substances through blood tests or tissue samples can assist in diagnosing cancer, assessing the severity of the disease, monitoring treatment response, and detecting recurrence after treatment.

Because tumor markers are linked to specific types of cancer, their presence and concentration can provide valuable insights into the malignancy and help guide treatment decisions. This use of biochemical indicators is pivotal in personalizing patient care and improving outcomes.

In contrast, other methods mentioned do not reflect the primary use of tumor markers. Surgical interventions are more direct methods of treatment rather than diagnostic tools. Reducing tumor size is typically related to neoadjuvant therapy, which involves drugs rather than tumor markers. Managing pain, while an essential part of cancer care, does not directly involve the use of tumor markers for diagnosis or treatment efficacy.